Hymenophyllaceae

3-433.11.00IntroductionEnglish: Filmy ferns; Bristle ferns.
Clades: Cyatheales; Cyatheidae; Equisetanae; Pteridophyta; Plants.
Members: 9 genera: Abrodictyum, Callistopteris, Cephalomanes, Crepidomanes, Didymoglossum, Hymenophyllum, Polyphlebium, Trichomanes, Vandenboschia; ± 650 species.
Region: subcosmopolitan.
Habitat: very damp places, wetted by spray from waterfalls or springs; tropical rainforests, temperate rainforests.Plant theoryIn the Plant theory Hymenophyllaceae is placed in the order Cyatheales. It is placed in Subphase 1.TaxonomyThe PPG I classification of 2016 placed Hymenophyllaceae in its own order Hymenophyllales.
Smith placed Hymenophyllales, containing the single family Hymenophyllaceae, in class Polypodianae, the leptosporangiate ferns. Christenhusz placed all land plants, including Hymenophyllales, in Equisetanae, reclassified Smith's Polypodianae as subclass Polypodiidae.
Traditionally, only two genera of Hymenophyllaceae have been recognised: Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes. Subsequent proposals have created more genera, Copeland proposed 34 genera, Morton 6 genera, Sermolli 47 genera and Iwatsuki 8 genera. These classifications all had only limited regional acceptance.
Recent molecular phylogenic studies do show two distinct monophyletic clades, Hymenophylloideaeand Trichomanoideae.BotanyFerns; often appearing as very dark green or even black clumps, easily mistaken for a robust moss or liverwort; persist for many years.
Root: rhizome; thin and wiry.
Leaves: thin, film like, only a single cell thick; variously pinnate; with a single strand, vein or nerve; young fronds have circinate vernation; without stomata; cuticle is also greatly reduced or absent; occasionally with hairs; without scales.
Sori: at the leaf margins; at the end of the nerve; protected by conical, bivalvate, or tubular indusia.
Sporangia: mature at the apex of the sorus and progressing to the base; with a continuous, oblique annulus.
Spores: round; green; trilete; grow into thread or ribbon-like gametophytes; gametophyte mostly has an extended, independent lifespan and can reproduce asexually by fragmenting or releasing gemmae.Essence, tentative
This personality feels forced into norms and regulations by family and friends. He avoids the contact in order to feel free from all obligations.MindAutism, retardation, < vaccinations.
Obsessive, compulsive, repetitive.
Parents are very strict.
Hyperactive, restless.
Fearless.
Impulsive.
Naïve.Stages Remedies1 Cardiomanes reniforme
1 Hymenophyllum plumosum
1 Hymenophyllum tunbrigense
17 Vandenboschia speciosa