Genistoideae

Content: quinolizidine alkaloids.Plant theoryGenistoideae is a clade in Papilionoideae. In the Plant theory Genistoideae is placed in Subphase 4.
In Plant theory 1 Papilionoideae was placed in Subphase 5. Papilionoideae is split in 3 subfamilies in Plant theory 2: Galegoideae, Phaseoloideae and Genistoideae.
This classification of Stages is in development.StagesStage Remedy Remedy code Subfamily
1 Aeschynomene brasiliana 3-644.54.01 Dalbergieae
2 Arachis hypogaea 3-644.54.02 Dalbergieae
2 Arachis pintoi 3-644.54.02 Dalbergieae
3 Vatairea guianensis 3-644.54.03 Dalbergieae
4 Erinacea anthyllis 3-644.54.04 Genisteae
6 Genista tinctoria 3-644.54.06 Genisteae
6 Genista scoparia 3-644.54.06 Genisteae
6 Calicotome villosa 3-644.54.06 Genisteae
7 Lotononis lanceolata 3-644.54.07 Crotalarieae
8 Dipteryx odorata 3-644.54.08 Dipterygeae
8 Eysenhardtia polystachya 3-644.54.08 Amorpheae
8 Dalea candida 3-644.54.08 Amorpheae
8 Lupinus luteus 3-644.54.08 Genisteae
10 Ormosia nobilis 3-644.54.10 Ormosieae
11 Bowdichia virgilioides 3-644.54.11 Leptolobieae
11 Baphia nitida 3-644.54.11 Baphieae
12 Aspalathus linearis 3-644.54.12 Crotalarieae
12 Vataireopsis araroba 3-644.54.12 Dalbergieae
12 Crotalaria retusa 3-644.54.12 Crotalarieae
13 Laburnum anagyroides 3-644.54.13 Genisteae
13 Lupinus albus 3-644.54.13 Genisteae
13 Acosmium dasycarpum 3-644.54.13 Sophoreae
13 Andira inermis 3-644.54.13 Dalbergieae
13 Myrospermum frutescens 3-644.54.13 Amburaneae
13 Acosmium panamense 3-644.54.13 Sophoreae
13 Zornia diphylla 3-644.54.13 Dalbergieae
13 Zornia latifolia 3-644.54.13 Dalbergieae
14 Cytisus scoparius 3-644.54.14 Genisteae
15 Myroxylon balsamum 3-644.54.15 Amburaneae
15 Styphnolobium japonicum 3-644.54.15 Sophoreae
16 Pterocarpus marsupium 3-644.54.16 Dalbergieae
16 Pterocarpus santalinus 3-644.54.16 Dalbergieae
16 Sophora japonica 3-644.54.16 Sophoreae
16 Machaerium lunatum 3-644.54.16 Dalbergieae
17 Dalbergia pinnata 3-644.54.17 Dalbergieae
17 Ulex europaeus 3-644.54.17 Genisteae
17 Euchresta horsfieldii 3-644.54.17 EuchresteaeBotanyTrees or shrubs, some climbers.
Root: nodule morphology, "aeschynomenoid" or "dalbergioid" nodule.
Leaves: pinnate, unspecialised, 5 to numerous leaflets.
Flowers, relatively simple; free stamens free, stamens monadelphous.
Fruit: indehiscent.Genistoideae is an extended clade, including:1. the monophyletic ADA clade
1.1 Angylocalyceae: Alexa, Angylocalyx, Monopteryx.
1.2 Dipterygeae: Dipteryx, Pterodon, Taralea.
1.3 Amburaneae: Amburana, Cordyla, Dussia, Myrocarpus, Myrospermum, Myroxylon.
2 Swartzieae: Aldina, Ateleia, Baphiopsis, Bobgunnia, Bocoa, Candolleodendron, Cyathostegia, Dupuya, Holocalyx, Mildbraediodendron, Swartzia, Trischidium.
Typical: actinomorphic; petals incompletely differentiated, single or lacking; profusion and elaboration of numerous free stamens; complete or near complete fusion of sepals.
Amburaneae, Baphieae, and Exostyleae were formerly included in Swartzieae
3. Cladrastiae, N-AMerica, Asia: Cladrastis, Pickeringia, Styphnolobium.
4. Exosyleae: Exostyles, Harleyodendron, Lecointea, Zollernia.
Formerly these genera were inculded in Swartzieae.
5. Vataireae: Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea, Vataireopsis.
6. Andireae: Andira, Hymenolobium.
7 Genistoideae
7.1 Ormosiae: Clathrotropis, Ormosia, Panurea, Spirotropis
Formely in Sophoreae. Tropical Americas, also southeast Asia, Australia.
7.2 Brongniartieae: Brongniartia, Cristonia, Cyclolobium, Harpalyce, Hovea, Lamprolobium, Limadendron, Plagiocarpus, Poecilanthe, Tabaroa, Templetonia, Thinicola.
Formely in Sophoreae. Tropical America Australia.
Typical: stamens united by filaments in an adaxially open tube; anthers alternately long and basifixed, short and versatile; anther connective inconspicuous; septa between seeds; aril lateral lobe present and fitting into heel of funicle; fine red glandular processes present in axils; and pollen tricolporate with opercula and no definite endoaperture.
7.3 Leptolobieae: Bowdichia, Diplotropis, Guianodendron, Leptolobium, Staminodianthus.
Formely in Sophoreae. Neotropical, S-America.
7.4 Camoensieae: Camoensia.
Formely in Sophoreae.
7.5 Sophoreae: Acosmium, Airyantha, Ammodendron, Amphimas, Baphiastrum, Bolusanthus, Bowringia, Castanospermum, Dalhousiea, Dermatophyllum, Dicraeopetalum, Dussia, Etaballia, Haplormosia, Inocarpus, Leucomphalos, Maackia, Neoharmsia, Pericopsis, Petaladenium, Platycelyphium, Riedeliella, Sakoanala, Salweenia, Sophora, Staminodianthus, Uleanthus, Uribea, Xanthocercis.
Traditionally Sophoreae has been used as a wastebasket calde to accommodate genera of Faboideae which are actinomorphic and have incompletely differentiated petals and free stamens. Morphological and molecular analyses indicated that Sophoreae as traditionally circumscribed was polyphyletic. This led to a re-circumscription of Sophoreae. Many genera were transferred to other tribes: Amburaneae, Angylocalyceae, Baphieae, Camoensieae, Cladrastiae, Exostyleae, Leptolobieae, Ormosieae, Podalyrieae, and Vataireoids. Two former tribes, Euchresteae and Thermopsideae, were included in Sophoreae.
7.6 Podalyrieae: Amphithalea, Cadia, Calpurnia, Cyclopia, Liparia, Podalyria, Stirtonanthus, Virgilia, Xiphotheca.
7.7 Crotalarieae: Aspalathus, Bolusia, Calobota, Crotalaria, Euchlora, Ezoloba, Lebeckia, Leobordea, Listia, Lotononis, Pearsonia, Rafnia, Robynsiophyton, Rothia, Spartidium, Wiborgia, Wiborgiella.
Typical: containing quinolizidine alkaloids or macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
Africa, South Africa.
7.8 Genisteae: Adenocarpus, Anarthrophyllum, Argyrocytisus, Argyrolobium, Calicotome, Cytisophyllum, Cytisus, Dichilus, Echinospartum, Erinacea, Genista, Gonocytisus, Hesperolaburnum, Laburnum, Lupinus, Melolobium, Petteria, Podocytisus, Polhillia, Retama, Sellocharis, Spartium, Stauracanthus, Ulex.
Region: Mediterranean, Europe, Africa, Canary Islands, India, southwest Asia; North and South America.
Typical: bilabiate calyces with a bifid upper lip and a trifid lower lip; aril lacking or on the short side of the seed; stamen filaments fused in a closed tube with markedly dimorphic anthers; presence of α-pyridone alkaloids, 5-O-methylgenistein, quinolizidine alkaloids, ammodendrine-type dipiperidine alkaloids, macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids; thorny shrub; used for sweeping with brooms, ornamental landscape plants, wasteland reclamation, sand dune stabilising.
8 Dalbergioidae
Pantropical, neotropics, sub-Saharan Africa.
Indehiscent pods may be a morphological synapomorphy for the clade.
8.1 Amorpheae: Amorpha, Apoplanesia, Dalea, Errazurizia, Eysenhardtia, Marina, Parryella, Psorothamnus.
Formerly in Dalbergioidae. Mexico to Argentina.
Typical: epidermal glands throughout the plant body; dry, indehiscent fruits that are single-seeded; terminal inflorescences.
8.2 Dalbergieae: Adesmia, Aeschynomene, Amicia, Andira, Arachis, Brya, Bryaspis, Cascaronia, Centrolobium, Chaetocalyx, Chapmannia, Cranocarpus, Cyclocarpa, Dalbergia, Diphysa, Discolobium, Fiebrigiella, Fissicalyx, Geissaspis, Geoffroea, Grazielodendron, Humularia, Hymenolobium, Kotschya, Machaerium, Maraniona, Nissolia, Ormocarpopsis, Ormocarpum, Paramachaerium, Peltiera, Pictetia, Platymiscium, Platypodium, Poiretia, Pterocarpus, Ramorinoa, Smithia, Soemmeringia, Steinbachiella, Stylosanthes, Tipuana, Vatairea, Vataireopsis, Weberbauerella, Zornia, Zygocarpum.LiteratureCardoso, D & others; Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes; South African Journal of Botany, 89, page 58–75; 2013.