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Rhamnaceae
English: Buckthorn family.
French: Rhamnacees.
Dutch: Wegedoornfamilie.
Clades: Rosales; Fabidae; Fabanae.
Genera: 55 genera; ± 900 species.
Region: worldwide, more in subtropical and tropical regions.
Habitat: xeric; mesothermal.
Use: ornamental; dyes, brilliant green, yellow, red, blue; gunpowder.
DD: Phase 6, Sulphur, Oxygen; Magnesium; Iron series; Anacardiaceae.
Botany
Trees and shrubs, some vines.
Leaves: simple; stipules, regularly modified into spines; alternate and spiraling, or opposite.
Flowers: radially symmetrical.
Calyx: 5 separate sepals, sometimes 4
Corolla: 5 separate petals, sometimes 4; concave, enclosing anther; white, yellowish, greenish, pink or blue; small and inconspicuous in most genera; dense clusters of conspicuous flowers in Ceanothus.
Stamens: 5, sometimes 4; opposite the petals; adnate to petals; stamens single whorl;
Ovary: superior; 2 or 3 ovules.
Fruits: berries, fleshy drupes, or nuts.
Dispersion: y mammals and birds, sometimes by wind.
Taxonomy
Rhamnaceae is the first diverging lineage of the Rosales in the Apg3 classification.
nitrogen-fixing genera include Ceanothus, Colletia, Discaria, Kentrothamnus and Retanilla.
Plant theory
In the Plant theory Rhamnaceae in Subphase 2. Rhamnaceae have a strong quality of Magnesium. Elaeagnaceae, Oleaster or Russian olive family.
Tribes
Tribe Ampelozizipheae: Ampelozizyphus.
Tribe Bathiorhamneae: Bathiorhamnus.
Tribe Colletieae: Adolphia, Colletia, Discaria, Kentrothamnus, Ochetophila, Retanilla, Trevoa.
Tribe Doerpfeldieae: Doerpfeldia.
Tribe Gouanieae: Alvimiantha, Crumenaria, Gouania, Helinus, Johnstonalia, Pleuranthodes, Reissekia.
Tribe Maesopsideae: Maesopsis
Tribe Paliurieae: Hovenia, Paliurus, Ziziphus
Tribe Phyliceae: Noltea, Phylica
Trichocephalus
Tribe Pomaderreae: Blackallia, Cryptandra, Papistylus, Polianthon, Pomaderris, Serichonus, Siegfriedia, Spyridium, Stenanthemum
Trymalium
Tribe Rhamneae: Auerodendron, Berchemia, Berchemiella, Condalia, Frangula, Karwinskia, Krugiodendron, Reynosia, Rhamnella, Rhamnidium, Rhamnus, Sageretia.
Tribe Ventilagineae: Smythea, Ventilago.
Uncertain: Alphitonia, Araracuara, Ceanothus, Chaydaia, Colubrina, Emmenosperma, Granitites, Hybosperma, Lasiodiscus, Schistocarpaea, Talguenea.
Literature
Richardson, James-Edward & others; A Revision of the Tribal Classification of Rhamnaceae; Kew Bulletin, January 2000; DOI: 10.2307/4115645
Richardson, James-Edward & others; A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RHAMNACEAE USING RBCL AND TRNL-F PLASTID DNA SEQUENCES1; American Journal of Botany 87(9): 1309–1324. 2000.