Plant theory, version 3, Subphases:1. Macropiperioideae: Macropiper, Pothomorphe, Piper.
2. Peperomioideae,
Peperomiaceae: Peperomia, Piper.
3.
Enckeoideae: Enkea, Ottonia, Piper.
4. Macrostachioidea: Macrostachys, Piper.
5.
Raduloideae: Radula, Piper
6.
Schillerioideae: Schillerioa, Piepr.
7.
Manekioideae: Zippelia, Manekia, Verhuellia.
+
Saururaceae: Anemopsis, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, Saururus.
DD:
Phase 6;
Hydrogen series;
Carbon series.
TaxonomyIn the
Apg3 classification Piperales contains the Families
Piperaceae,
Aristolochiaceae and the small Families
Saururaceae, Lactoridaceae and
Hydnoraceae. In phylogenetic analyses one sees two clades, one around
Piperaceae and the other around
Aristolochiaceae.
Plant theoryIn the
Plant theory these 2 clades were split and placed
Phase 6 and
Phase 7 respectively. This has been confirmed over some years. The
Aristolochiaceae have a strong theme of mother and muriaticum, fitting
Phase 7.
Piperales, including
Piperaceae. have a strong them of the neglected child, fitting
Phase 6.
The subdivision of the
Piperales has been difficult. The first reason was the lack of homeopathic information. The second the lack of good botanical classification.
Piperaceae covers about 99% of the species of
Piperales. And the 2 main genera Piper and Peperomia cover about 98% of the
Piperaceae.
In this new version of the
Plant theory Piperaceae is split into 6 Subfamilies. The other
Family in
Piperales,
Saururaceae, is placed in
Subphase 7 together with the Clade
Manekioideae.
Plant theory, version 3,
Subphases:
1. Macropiperioideae: Macropiper, Pothomorphe, Piper.
2. Peperomioideae,
Peperomiaceae: Peperomia, Piper.
3.
Enckeoideae: Enkea, Ottonia, Piper.
4. Macrostachioidea: Macrostachys, Piper.
5.
Raduloideae: Radula, Piper
6.
Schillerioideae: Schillerioa, Piepr.
7.
Saururaceae: Anemopsis, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, Saururus.
Manekioideae: Zippelia, Manekia, Verhuellia.
Plant theory, version 2, Subphases:1
Manekioideae2 Pepermioideae
3
Micropiperoideae4
Pothomorphoideae5
Macropiperoideae6
Piperoideae7
SaururaceaePlant theory, version 1, Subphases:1.
Piperaceae: Piper, Peperomia, Zippelia, Manekia, Verhuellia.
6.
Saururaceae: Anemopsis, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, Saururus.
7.
Hydnoraceae: Hydnora, Prosopanche; ectoparasitic.
LiteratureJaramilloz, M Alejandra & Manos Paul, S;
Phylogeny and Patterns of floral diversity in the genus Piper (
Piperaceae); American Journal of
Botany 88.4, pages 706–716; 2001.
Jaramilloz, Alejandra & others;
Phylogeny of the Tropical Genus Piper Using ITS and the Chloroplast Intron psbJ–petA; Systematic
Botany, 33(4), pages 647–660; 2008.
Scholten, J.; Costa Rica provings; Stichting Alonnissos, Utrecht; 2017.
Tucker, Shirly & Douglas, Andrew; Utility of Ontogenetic and Conventional Characters in Determining Phylogenetic Relationships of
Saururaceae and
Piperaceae (
Piperales); Systematic
Botany, 18.4, pages 614-611; 1993.