Dennstaedtiaceae

3-442.17.00IntroductionClades: Pteridales; Pterididae; Polypodianae; Pteridophyta; Plants.
Members: 12 genera: Blotiella, Coptodipteris, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hiya, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Monachosorum, Oenotrichia, Paesia, Pteridium; ± 240 species.TaxonomyThe PPG1 classification places Dennstaedtiaceae in the class Polypodianae, but in a position between the Pteridales and Aspleniidae.Plant theoryIn the Plant theory Dennstaedtiaceae is placed in the Order Pteridales in Pterididae. It is placed in Subphase 7 of Pteridales, with confirmation from cases.BotanyFerns; terrestrial or scrambling (scandent) over rocks or stones (epilithic) or occasionally epiphytic.
Root: rhizomes long-creeping, occasionally short-creeping; bearing jointed hairs, or peltate, non-clathrate, entire scales, or both, with transitions; often solenostelic or protostelic with internal phloem, or rarely short and dyctiostelic.
Leaves: large; highly divided, bipinnate, tribipinnate to decompound, can be 1-4 pinnate or more divided, mostly distinctly anadromous; glabrous often at maturity, or bearing hairs, not scaly; hairs often persistent on leaf axespetioles close or more often remote, non-articulate, usually with one or two, less often several vascular bundles, with epipetiolar buds, usually with gutter-shaped vascular strand, either pubescent or glabrous; veins free, or forked, or pinnate, ending with more or less thickened ends behind the margin, rarely vanishing, free included veinlets none.
Stomata anomocytic and/or polocytic.
Sori: either small, round intramarginal with cup-shaped indusia or linear marginal sori with a false indusium formed from the reflexed leaf margin; near the margin, or submarginal, sometimes fused with the blade to form a cup or pouch or obscured in a recurved portion of the blade margin joining 2 to very many vein ends; mostly linear, may be discrete
Indusia: linear or cup shaped at blade margin, or reflexed over sori
Indusia sometimes wanting and replaced by the reflexed, more or less modified leaf margin; sometimes such a "false" indusium present beside a "true" one
Sporangium: stalk with 1-3 rows of cells; sterile appendages among sporangia none or if present not or little differentiated from epidermal appendages.
Capsule usually with well-differentiated stomium.
Spore tetrahedral and trilete, or reniform and monolete, variously sculptured.
Gametophyte: green, hairless, cordate, and the plate stage is reached soon after germination.IntroductionThis personality has a problem with rules and norms. This often originates in a strict upbringing with punishments, emotionally and/or physically. He has the feeling that he is totally excluded from family and society. This can lead to aggression, violence in words and actions. When he cannot be himself, others will be shown what the results are.MindDelusion: I will not survive if I don't follow the community rules.
Delusion: I will not survive if I follow the community rules.
Autism, Asperger.
Malicious, cruelty, psychopathy.
Auto-mutilation!!, Auto-aggression.
Addictions. alcoholism.
Obsessive compulsive syndromes, OCD.
Anger, rage and temper tantrums when there is chaos, when their expectations are not met.
Communication problems, lack of contact, eye contact, language contact.
Retardation, physically, emotionally, in speech.
Restless, jumping, running, in circles, head banging; repetitive behaviour.
Lack of reflection, cannot reflect on own emotions.BodyNervous: epilepsy, tics; cerebral palsy, < birth injury.Stages Remedies1 Monachosorum davallioides
2 Hypolepis millefolium
2 Hypolepis punctata
3 Hiya distans
6 Paesia scaberula
10 Histiopteris incisa
12 Pteridium aquilinum
16 Dennstaedtia davallioides
16 Dennstaedtia penctilobula
17 Microlepia platyphylla
17 Microlepia speluncae
x Blotiella natalensis
x Microlepia firma