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Arales
3-632.10.00English: Arums; Aroids; Arum family; Arum order; Cuckoo-pint family.
Clades: Alismatales; Lilianae; Angiospermae; Plants.
members: 140 genera; ± 4000 species.
Members: All previously mentioned groups (Lemna, Zantedeschia, Monstera, Caladium, Arum, Lasia, Schismatoglottis) plus major genera like Anthurium, Philodendron, and Aglaonema.
Content: calcium oxalate crystals, microscopic raphides, in defensive idioblast cells; cyanogenic glycosides; hydroxytryptophane; sulphur compounds.
Use: food, starch; ornamental.BotanyType: herbs; perennial; diverse, ranges from massive terrestrial "corpse flowers" to tree-climbing vines, lithophytes, helophytes, and microscopic free-floating aquatics.
Root: adventitious root systems; varies from thick, subterranean anchoring roots to specialized aerial roots capable of absorbing atmospheric moisture and grasping vertical surfaces.
Stems: extensively modified based on niche; including subterranean tubers, rhizomes, corms for seasonal energy storage, as well as highly elongated, fibrous climbing green stems.
Leaves: incredibly varied; fundamentally alternate; simple and linear to massive, deeply lobed, or compound structures; typically distinct petiole, with a sheathing base; characterized by complex pinnate, palmate, or reticulate venation networks.
Inflorescence: a fleshy spike, called a spadix; subtended and partially enveloped by a leaf-like, often colorful or specialized bract called a spathe.
Flowers: highly reduced; small; lacking petals; bisexual or unisexual.
Reproduction: predominantly sexual via specialized insect pollination; often deceptive, utilizing flies, beetles, or bees drawn by specialized scents and inflorescence heating; asexual via rhizome division, tuber offsets, and stoloniferous cloning.
Fruit: berries; fleshy, brightly; in spikes.TaxonomyIn past classifications Araceae has been included in Arecales and Cyclanthacae, both families having spadix inflorencences. Lemnaceae, with the aquatics Lemna and Pistia are included in Araceae. In the Apg3 classification Araceae is included in Alismatales, as the first diverging lineage.Plant theoryIn the Plant theory is split off from Alismatales. Araceae is placed in the Subclass Aridae, which has a Carbon series quality. Aridae is the second subclass in the Class Lilianae which has a Silicon series quality.
Araceae is the only member of the Aridae. This makes it necessary to treat Araceae as an order, named Arales. Araceae and Arales are identical in members, but not in hierarchy. The Order Arales then is split into 7 subfamilies of Araceae. These subfamilies are treated as Families. This way Araceae becomes a superfamily, which is not further described, as the order Arales takes over that function.Families in Arales Serial Remedy code Family, Subfamily
1 3-632.11.00 Lemnoideae
2 3-632.12.00 Lasioideae
3 3-632.13.00 Zantedeschioideae
4 3-632.14.00 Aroideae
5 3-632.15.00 Schismatoglottideae
6 3-632.16.00 Caladioideae
7 3-632.17.00 Monsteroideae
Clades: Alismatales; Lilianae; Angiospermae; Plants.
members: 140 genera; ± 4000 species.
Members: All previously mentioned groups (Lemna, Zantedeschia, Monstera, Caladium, Arum, Lasia, Schismatoglottis) plus major genera like Anthurium, Philodendron, and Aglaonema.
Content: calcium oxalate crystals, microscopic raphides, in defensive idioblast cells; cyanogenic glycosides; hydroxytryptophane; sulphur compounds.
Use: food, starch; ornamental.BotanyType: herbs; perennial; diverse, ranges from massive terrestrial "corpse flowers" to tree-climbing vines, lithophytes, helophytes, and microscopic free-floating aquatics.
Root: adventitious root systems; varies from thick, subterranean anchoring roots to specialized aerial roots capable of absorbing atmospheric moisture and grasping vertical surfaces.
Stems: extensively modified based on niche; including subterranean tubers, rhizomes, corms for seasonal energy storage, as well as highly elongated, fibrous climbing green stems.
Leaves: incredibly varied; fundamentally alternate; simple and linear to massive, deeply lobed, or compound structures; typically distinct petiole, with a sheathing base; characterized by complex pinnate, palmate, or reticulate venation networks.
Inflorescence: a fleshy spike, called a spadix; subtended and partially enveloped by a leaf-like, often colorful or specialized bract called a spathe.
Flowers: highly reduced; small; lacking petals; bisexual or unisexual.
Reproduction: predominantly sexual via specialized insect pollination; often deceptive, utilizing flies, beetles, or bees drawn by specialized scents and inflorescence heating; asexual via rhizome division, tuber offsets, and stoloniferous cloning.
Fruit: berries; fleshy, brightly; in spikes.TaxonomyIn past classifications Araceae has been included in Arecales and Cyclanthacae, both families having spadix inflorencences. Lemnaceae, with the aquatics Lemna and Pistia are included in Araceae. In the Apg3 classification Araceae is included in Alismatales, as the first diverging lineage.Plant theoryIn the Plant theory is split off from Alismatales. Araceae is placed in the Subclass Aridae, which has a Carbon series quality. Aridae is the second subclass in the Class Lilianae which has a Silicon series quality.
Araceae is the only member of the Aridae. This makes it necessary to treat Araceae as an order, named Arales. Araceae and Arales are identical in members, but not in hierarchy. The Order Arales then is split into 7 subfamilies of Araceae. These subfamilies are treated as Families. This way Araceae becomes a superfamily, which is not further described, as the order Arales takes over that function.Families in Arales Serial Remedy code Family, Subfamily
1 3-632.11.00 Lemnoideae
2 3-632.12.00 Lasioideae
3 3-632.13.00 Zantedeschioideae
4 3-632.14.00 Aroideae
5 3-632.15.00 Schismatoglottideae
6 3-632.16.00 Caladioideae
7 3-632.17.00 Monsteroideae