English: Naaktzadigen; Pines.
Names: Gymnosperms; Pinophyta.
Botany: 15 Families; 80 Genera; most species are trees. The wood of the
Gymnospermae is weaker than that of
Angiospermae, it has a different chemical structure. That makes the wood less hard and strong, more breakable and fragile.
TaxonomyGymnospermae consist of 4 Orders in the
Apg3 classification:
Cycadales,
Ginkgoales,
Gnetales and
Pinales. It is a quite small group with only 15 Families and 80 Genera.
In the
Plant theory Gymnospermae is split into 3
Classes: Gentidae,
Cycadidae and
Pinidae.
Gymnospermae are difficult to establish and define. Few members are known well in homeopathy. Many species have become extinct. In a way
Gymnospermae are bit fossil-like, survivors from the time of the dinosaurs.
Series1.
Hydrogen series: absent, probably extinct.
2.
Carbon series: absent, probably extinct.
3.
Silicon series:
Gnetidae.
4.
Iron series:
Cycadidae.
5.
Silver series:
Pinidae.