Clades:
Dicranidae;
Bryanae;
Bryophyta;
Plants.
TaxonomyIn traditonal classifications
Funariales is an Order with 3 families
Disceliaceae,
Encalyptaceae,
Funariaceae. It is placed in Funariidae together with
Gigaspermaceae in the order
Gigaspermales.
Plant theoryIn the
Plant theory some families are fused together in
Funariales as shown below. This clade is not monnophyletic.
Buxbaumiidae: Buxbaumiales: BuxbaumiaceaeDiphysciidae:
Diphysciales:
DiphysciaceaeTimmiidae: Timmiales:
TimmiaceaeFunariidae:
Encalyptales,
Funariales,
GigaspermalesEncalyptales: Bryobartramiaceae,
EncalyptaceaeFunariidae:
FunarialesFunariales:
Disceliaceae,
FunariaceaeGigaspermales:
Gigaspermaceae:
FamiliesBuxbaumiaceae: Buxbaumia, Diphyscium, Muscoflorschuetzia, Theriotia.
Diphysciaceae: Diphyscium.
Timmiaceae: Timmia.
Bryobartramiaceae: Bryobartramia
Encalyptaceae: Bryobrittonia, Encalypta
Disceliaceae: Discelium
Funariaceae: Aphanorrhegma, Brachymeniopsis, Bryobeckettia, Clavitheca, Cygnicollum, Entosthodon, Ephemerella, Funaria, Funariella, Goniomitrium, Loiseaubryum, Nanomitriella, Physcomitrella, Physcomitrellopsis, Physcomitrium, Pyramidula
Gigaspermaceae: Chamaebryum, Costesia, Gigaspermum, Lorentziella, Oedipodiella.
BotanyProtonema short-lived. Central strand +. Lvs a cells rectangular to hexagonal. Costa + Aut- or paroicous, rarely syn- or polyoicous. Seta +. CAP symmetric or asymmetric, operculate or rarely cleistocarpous; stomata phaneropore or cryptopore, slit-like, each with a single guard cell. Annulus+/–. Operculum +. PS of Funaria-type or, CY large, cucullate or mitrate, typically lobed.
Botany SphagnalesCladocarpous. Main stems with capitulum: central parenchyma, internal cylinder, cortex Branches fascicled, rarely –; retort cells +/–. Lvs with hyalocysts and chlorocysts Dioicous, occ. autoicous. AN single, subglobose, long-stalked in lvs axils AR terminal on short branches in capitulum. Spore sac dome-shaped Spores in tetrads, trilete mark +. CY +. Bogs and mires (peat mosses
Botany BuxbaumiaceaeMicroscopic for most of its existence, and plants are noticeable only after they begin to produce their reproductive structures; spore capsule is asymmetrical, distinctive shape and structure, some features of which appear to be transitional from those in primitive mosses to most modern mosses.
Botany AndreaeaceaeCentral strand –. Lvs cells (rounded-)quadrate. Costa +/– homogeneous or, Autoicous, rarely syn- or dioicous. AN without specialized cap. Seta, CAP elevated by a pseudopodium; valves 4-10, attached at apex Spore sac dome-shaped. Germination endosporic. CY small, usu. bistratose Predom. cool-temp and trop-mont Saxicolous
Botany AndreaeobryaceaeCentral strand –. Lvs cells (rounded-)quadrate. Costa + Dioicous. Perichaetia developing after fertilization. AN without specialized cap Seta short, massive. CAP valves irregular (often 4-5 main and 1-2 shorter ones), also separate at apex Spore sac dome-shaped. Germination endosporic. CY covering entire CAP.
Botany TetraphidaceaeCentral strand +/–. Lvs cells parenchymatous. Costa +, homogeneous Autoicous. CAP erect, symmetric, cylindric, stomata +/–. Annulus, Operculum +. PS of 4 teeth.CY small, mitrate, glabrous. Gemmae + (Tetraphis) Predom. north-temp. On various substrates in moist sites.
Botany DiphysciaceaeProtonema short-lived, funnel-shaped. Central strand, Lvs 2(-3)-stratose. Costa +. Dioicous. Perichaetial lvs ciliate above, costa long-excurrent Seta + very short. CAP asymmetric, stomata phaneropore. Annulus +. Operculum + PS of Buxbaumia-type (exostome, or rudimentary, endostome +, parastome –) CY small, mitrate.
Botany TimmiaceaeCentral strand +. Lvs in 8 rows, base sheathing Lvs cells in sheath linear, in limb quadrate to hexagonal, mamillose. Costa + Di- or autoicous. Seta +. CAP inclined to pendulous, stomata phaneropore Annulus +. Operculum +. PS +, exostome of 16 large teeth; endostome of 64 laments from basal membrane. CY cucullate, often persisten.