Author:
Jan Scholten
Book:
Qjurement
Type:
Taxonomy
Chapter:
3-622.60.00
Piperales
Plant theory, version 3, Subphases:
1. Macropiperioideae: Macropiper, Pothomorphe, Piper.
2. Peperomioideae, Peperomiaceae: Peperomia, Piper.
3. Enckeoideae: Enkea, Ottonia, Piper.
4. Macrostachioidea: Macrostachys, Piper.
5. Raduloideae: Radula, Piper
6. Schillerioideae: Schillerioa, Piepr.
7. Manekioideae: Zippelia, Manekia, Verhuellia.
+ Saururaceae: Anemopsis, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, Saururus.
DD: Phase 6; Hydrogen series; Carbon series.
Taxonomy
In the Apg3 classification Piperales contains the Families Piperaceae, Aristolochiaceae and the small Families Saururaceae, Lactoridaceae and Hydnoraceae. In phylogenetic analyses one sees two clades, one around Piperaceae and the other around Aristolochiaceae.
Plant theory
In the Plant theory these 2 clades were split and placed Phase 6 and Phase 7 respectively. This has been confirmed over some years. The Aristolochiaceae have a strong theme of mother and muriaticum, fitting Phase 7. Piperales, including Piperaceae. have a strong them of the neglected child, fitting Phase 6.
The subdivision of the Piperales has been difficult. The first reason was the lack of homeopathic information. The second the lack of good botanical classification. Piperaceae covers about 99% of the species of Piperales. And the 2 main genera Piper and Peperomia cover about 98% of the Piperaceae.
In this new version of the Plant theory Piperaceae is split into 6 Subfamilies. The other Family in Piperales, Saururaceae, is placed in Subphase 7 together with the Clade Manekioideae.
Plant theory, version 3, Subphases:
1. Macropiperioideae: Macropiper, Pothomorphe, Piper.
2. Peperomioideae, Peperomiaceae: Peperomia, Piper.
3. Enckeoideae: Enkea, Ottonia, Piper.
4. Macrostachioidea: Macrostachys, Piper.
5. Raduloideae: Radula, Piper
6. Schillerioideae: Schillerioa, Piepr.
7. Saururaceae: Anemopsis, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, Saururus.
Manekioideae: Zippelia, Manekia, Verhuellia.
Plant theory, version 2, Subphases:
1 Manekioideae
2 Pepermioideae
3 Micropiperoideae
4 Pothomorphoideae
5 Macropiperoideae
6 Piperoideae
7 Saururaceae
Plant theory, version 1, Subphases:
1. Piperaceae: Piper, Peperomia, Zippelia, Manekia, Verhuellia.
6. Saururaceae: Anemopsis, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, Saururus.
7. Hydnoraceae: Hydnora, Prosopanche; ectoparasitic.
Literature
Jaramilloz, M Alejandra & Manos Paul, S; Phylogeny and Patterns of floral diversity in the genus Piper (Piperaceae); American Journal of Botany 88.4, pages 706–716; 2001.
Jaramilloz, Alejandra & others; Phylogeny of the Tropical Genus Piper Using ITS and the Chloroplast Intron psbJ–petA; Systematic Botany, 33(4), pages 647–660; 2008.
Scholten, J.; Costa Rica provings; Stichting Alonnissos, Utrecht; 2017.
Tucker, Shirly & Douglas, Andrew; Utility of Ontogenetic and Conventional Characters in Determining Phylogenetic Relationships of Saururaceae and Piperaceae (Piperales); Systematic Botany, 18.4, pages 614-611; 1993.