English: Bitter leaf; Ironweed.
Hausa: Chusa-doki; Shuwaka.
Igbo: Onugbo.
Yoruba: Ewuro.
Region: West Africa.
Indonesian: Pokok tambak bukit; Sembong hutan.
Content: beta amyrin acetate, beta amyrin benzoate, lupeol, beta sitosterol, stigmasterol, spinasterol; chemokines; cytokines; antioxidants; beta-carotene; vitamin C; iron, phosphorus, calcium, potassium; carotene, proteins, folates.
Use: food, leaf vegetables, soup; decorative.
Botany: leaves taste sweet and bitter; flowers intensely purple, later rusty.