Enckeoideae has ± 120 species
Habitat: humid forests of the Amazon, to drier forest west of the Sierra Madre.
Botany: shrubs or small trees.
Leaves: palmately nerved, ovate, with acute to cordate bases, with sometimes two callosities at the base, symmetrical at all nodes or asymmetric in sympodial branches and symmetric in monopodial axis.
Inflorescences: terminal; mostly erect, sometimes pendulous; lax !; rachis glabrous or else papillate puberulent or sometimes pubescent.
Flower: pedicellate or sessile; bracts conchaeform to cuccullate or spatulate, mostly glabrous or hairs restricted to the margins or the abaxial side; 6 stamens; 3–4 lobed stigmas; stylar projections lacking, but a stylopodium is apparent in some taxa.
Fruits: free and globose.
TaxonomyEnckeoideae includes Callianira of Miquel and Arctottonia of Trelease and Steffensia of de Candolle
Arctottonia: pedicellate flowers; palmately nerved leaves; North American distribution
The Ottonia clade has ± 50 species.Region: Atlantic Forest of Brazil and the Amazon.
Botany: small shrubs
Habitat: understory of lowland tropical forests.
Flowers: 4 stamens.
Fruits: globose to ellipsoid.