Kingdoms

Name: Creatures; Creaturae.IntroductionIn recent classifications changes have been made according to the kingdoms. In the past things were clear.
The ancient classification was in 2 kingdoms: Plants and Animals.
The kingdom of the Bacteria was discovered after the invention of the microscope. Bacteria, also named Monera or Prokaryota, are sometimes divided in two kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
Later 2 new kingdoms were defined. One the fungi, as a split-off from the Plant kingdom.
The second is the Protoctista or Protista, unicellular organisms. This clade turned out to be not a single group in cladistic analysis. So it was split into two kingdoms:
- Protozoa: including the Amoebozoa, Choanozoa, Excavata.
- Chromista, including Alveolata, Cryptophytes, Heterokonta (stramenopiles), Haptophyta, Rhizaria.Bacteria, ProkaryotesLife can be divided in Prokaryota and Eukaryota. Prokaryotes, also called Bacteria or Monera, are single-celled microorganisms. They have been split into Bacteria and Archaea, also called Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. For 2 billion years only Prokaryota lived on earth. Prokaryotes have no nucleus and are very small compared to the Eukaryota.EukaryotaEukaryotic cells are typically much larger than those of prokaryotes. They have a variety of internal membranes and structures called organelles and a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments which play an important role in defining the cell's organization and shape. Eukaryotic DNA is divided into cellular and mitochondrial DNA.
Eukaryota have probably developed out of co-operation of many bacteria, forming a cell about 100 times as big as most bacteria.Division Eukaryota- Animalia, Animals
- Fungi
- Amoebozoa
- Plants
- Chromalveolata
- Rhizaria: various amoebae, flagellates and amoeboids like plankton.
- Excavata: unicellular eukaryotes, like Giardia lamblia.Alternative division of Eukaryota is1. Unikonta
1. Opisthokonta.
Metazoa: animals.
Mesomycetozoa.
Choanozoa.
Eumycota: fungi.
2. Amoebozoa
2. Bikonta.
Apusozoa: several genera of flagellate protozoa.
Rhizaria.
Excavata.
Archaeplastidae: plants, broadly defined.
Chromalveolata; like FucusPlantsThe plants are in the new classifications part of the Archaeplastidae. The Archaeplastidae are sometimes all seen as plants, broadly defined. Plants more narrowly defined are the Viridaeplantae, the green plants, plants containing chlorophyll.