Author:
Qjure
Book:
Qjurious
Type:
Info
Chapter:
3-700.00.00
Fungi
Synonym: Fungi; Inophyta ; Nematophyta; Eumycetes; Mycetes; Fungaceae; Mycophyta; Eumycetae; Eumycophyta; Eumycota.
Taxonomy
In the past Fungi have been treated as part of the plant Kingdom. With the analyses of DNA the theory developed that Fungi are a separate kingdom, even more close to Animals than to Plants.
Plant theory
In the Plant theory Fungi are treated as a Phylum of the Plant Kingdom. They are placed in the uranium series, Phylum 7, which has many similarities to Phase 7. One of them is the parasitic quality more or less going together with the lack of chlorophyll. The Fungi often are saprophytic, which means they live on dead and decaying matter. In both cases they cannot get their energy from light and are dependent for that on other plants.
Fungi have many similarities to plants: they cannot mode and have a fixed place on the ground or on other plants. They have no sense organs in the sense as animals have them.
Classes
1. Rozellomycota
2. Microsporida
3. Chitridiomycota
4. Zygomycota
5 Ascomycota
6. Basidiomycota
Names
There are many names for clades that are old fashioned or not monophyletic, for instance yeasts, smuts, lichens. Modern phylogenetic studies showed that yeast are belonging to different parts in the hierarchy of fungi.
Corticioid fungi
English: Crust fungi; Patch fungi.
Corticioid fungi are fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps, fruit bodies, that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. Originally they were classified in the genus Corticium, in the family Corticiaceae. Studies showed that corticioid species are not closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Corticioid fungi comprise around 1700 species in 250 genera, constituting around 13% of the Basidiomycota.
Families
Corticiaceae, Polyporales
Atheliaceae, Atheliales
Stereaceae, Russulales
Steccherinaceae, Polyporales
Clavarioid fungi
English: Club fungi; Coral fungi.
Clavarioid fungi have erect, simple or branched basidiocarps, fruit bodies, formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. Originally they were classified in the genus Clavaria. It was shown that clavarioid species are not all closely related.
Families
Clavariaceae, Agaricales.
Pterulaceae, Agaricales.
Typhulaceae, Agaricales.
Repetobasidiaceae, Hymenochaetales.
Lepidostromataceae, Lepidostromatales.
Clavulinaceae, Cantharellales.
Lachnocladiaceae, Russulales
Auriscalpiaceae, Russulales.
Lentariaceae, Gomphales